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<singham>
Folks, OpenFPGA uses skywater-pdk.
<singham>
How are the final designs made? The placing of gates, their libraries and connection of wires?
<singham>
I wanted to know more about physical design if some of you know more
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<singham>
Why is the cost of making photomasks so high?
<singham>
I saw cheapest foundaries have been setup for $5M only
<singham>
And I see on Wiki that photomasks can go around $40M - $100M
<singham>
I mean come on!
<so-offish>
Depends on the number of them you need, the resolution you're trying to hit, etc
<so-offish>
also there's some sophisticated processing algorithms that go into them nowadays
<so-offish>
Because of multipatterning and edge effects
<singham>
But still $40M ? Give me a million and I'll write it for you from scratch in the language you want.
<singham>
I mean it's like a 4 cm^2 thing.
<so-offish>
So I hand you the algorithm and you... translate it for $1M? lol
<singham>
:D
<singham>
I'll create the algo. No worries
<singham>
At $1M it is doable
<so-offish>
Oh your background is computational optics?
<singham>
Naah. I took a course in computational physics though
<singham>
nvm
<singham>
Aah wait
<singham>
It's written, "new mask shop"
<singham>
Mask cost from $250 to $100k
<singham>
in 2006
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<singham>
Typically, FPGAs have how many layers in it's IC?
<singham>
Say, a chip like iCE40?
<singham>
Like, there is a transistor, on top of it will there be more?
<knielsen>
singham: There's only one layer of transistors on a chip. On top of that are multiple layers of routing ("wires"), Don't know any numbers, but I think 10-20 layers of routing is not uncommon
<singham>
Wow. 10-20 layers!
<singham>
All chips have just 1 layers of transistors?
<singham>
knielsen: Thank you.
* singham
will see you fine hobbits later
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<Sarayan>
10-20 is a lot actually
<Sarayan>
iirc the latest wafers we've done are something like 7 metal layers?
<Sarayan>
(european project, finnish partner)
<Sarayan>
also, a cmos wafer run for a reasonable node is something like 100K nowadays, not millions